IARC and NTP Carcinogen List
This list includes three categories of substances and
processes regarded as carcinogenic, primarily by the International Agency for
Research on Cancer of the World Health Organisation (IARC), and to a lesser
extent, the US Government's Annual Report on Carcinogens from the National
Toxicology Program (NTP).
Although there are some difference in categorisation, for convenience we have
combined the lists under a common nomenclature. There are some minor omissions
and exclusions of exotic materials. Please notify us of any errors or omissions
considered important.
Category 1 is for substances for which there is sufficient evidence for a causal
relationship with cancer in humans (confirmed human carcinogen).
Category 2A is for substances for which there is a lesser degree of evidence in
humans but sufficient evidence in animal studies, or degrees of evidence
considered appropriate to this category, e.g. unequivocal evidence of mutagenicity
in mammalian cells (probable human carcinogen).
Category 2B is for substances for which there is sufficient evidence in animal
tests, or degrees of evidence considered appropriate to this category (possible
human carcinogen).
Excluded from the list above are IARC category 3 carcinogens for which
assessment evidence is 'limited'.
All IARC monographs up to issue 60, 1994 and the NTP Sixth Report on Carcinogens
are included; (and will update both sources soon).
There is more information in the original IARC and NTP documents, including a more detailed
description of categories and carcinogenicity evidence.
Note: This is just a list of chemical that have been linked to cancer.
Issues of exposure and dosage need to be also considered.
Category 1
Aflatoxins
Alcoholic beverages
Aluminium production
4-aminobiphenyl
Arsenic and arsenic compounds
Asbestos
Manufacture of auramine
Azathioprine
Benzene
Benzidine
Beryllium and compounds (upgraded from 2A)
Betel quid with tobacco
Bis(chloromethyl)ether and chloromethyl methyl ether (technical grade)
Boot and shoe manufacture and repair (occupational exposure)
1,4 Butanediol dimethanesulphonate (Myleran)
Cadmium and compounds (upgraded from 2A)
Chlorambucil
Chlornaphazine
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1 nitrosourea
Chloromethyl methyl ether (technical)
Chromium compounds (hexavalent)
Coal gasification
Coal tar pitches
Coal tars
Coke production
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclosporin
Erionite
Ethylene oxide
Furniture and cabinet making
Underground haematite mining with exposure to radon
Iron and steel founding
Isopropyl alcohol manufacture (strong acid process)
Manufacture of magenta (see also magenta, 2B)
Melphalan
8-Methoxypsoralen (Methoxsalen) plus ultraviolet radiation
Mineral oils_untreated and mildly-treated oils
MOPP and other combined chemotherapy for cancer
Mustard gas (sulphur mustard)
2-Naphthylamine
Nickel and nickel compounds (essentially sulphate and sulphide)
Nonsteroidal oestrogens (not necessarily all in group); includes
diethylstilboestrol
Oestrogen replacement therapy and
Combined oral contraceptives and sequential oral contraceptives
Steroidal oestrogens (not all in group)
Painter (occupational exposure as a painter)
Phenacetin (analgesic mixtures containing)
Rubber industry
Salted fish, Chinese style
Solar radiation
Shale oils
Soots
Sulphuric acid (occupational exposures to strong-inorganic-acid mists of
sulphuric acid)
Talc containing asbestiform fibres
Thiotepa
Tobacco products (smokeless)
Tobacco smoke
Treosulphan
Vinyl chloride
Category 2A
Acrylamide
Acrylonitrile
Adriamycin
Anabolic steroids
Azacitidine
Benzanthracene
Benzidine-based dyes (technical grade)
Direct Black 38
Direct Blue 6
Direct Brown 95
Benzopyrene
1,3-Butadiene
Captafol
Bischloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU)
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU)
Chloramphenicol
para-Chloro-ortho-toluidine and its strong acid salts
Chlorozotocin
Cisplatin
Creosotes
Dibenzanthracene
Diesel engine exhaust
Diethyl sulphate
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
Dimethyl sulphate
Epichlorohydrin
Ethylene dibromide
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea
Formaldehyde
Glass manufacturing industry (occupational exposure)
Art glass, glass containers and pressed ware
Hairdresser or barber (occupational exposure, probably dyes)
Insecticide use (occupational)
IQ (2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline);
Mate drinking (hot)
5-Methoxypsoralen
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA)
N-Methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea
Nitrogen mustard
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Petroleum refining (occupational refining exposures)
Phenacetin
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Procarbazine hydrochloride
Silica (crystalline)
Styrene-7,8-oxide
Tris(1-azaridinyl)phosphine sulphide (Thiotepa)
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Ultraviolet radiation: A, B and C including sunlamps and sunbeds
Vinyl bromide
Category 2B
A-C(2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole)
Acetaldehyde
Acetamide
AF-2[2-(2-Furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide
para-Aminoazobenzene
ortho-Aminoazobenzene
2-Amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole
Amitrole
ortho-Anisidine
Antimony trioxide
Aramite
Atrazine
Attapulgite
Azaserine
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[j]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzyl violet
Bitumens (extracts of steam-refined and air-refined bitumens)
Bleomycins
Bracken ferns
Bromodichloromethane
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)
á-Butyrolactone
Caffeic acid
Carbon black extract
Carbon tetrachloride
Carrageenan (degraded)
Ceramic fibres
Chloramphenicol
Chlordane
Chlordecone
Chlorendic acid
Chlorinated paraffins of average carbon-chain length C12 and average
degree of chlorination approx 60%
alpha-Chlorinated toluenes (not necessarily all in group)
Benzotrichloride
para-Chloroaniline
Chloroform
Chlorophenols
Pentachlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Chlorophenoxy herbicides (not necessarily all in group)
4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine
CI Acid Red 114
CI Basic Red 9
CI Direct Blue 15
Citrus Red No.2
Cobalt and cobalt compounds
Coffee (bladder)
para-Cresidine
Cycasin
Dacarbazine
Dantron (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone)
Daunomycin
DDT
N,N'-Diacetylbenzidine
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
2,4-Diaminotoluene
Dibenz[a,h]acridine
Dibenz[a,j]acridine
7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene
Dibenzo[ai]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
para-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichlorobenzene
3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
1,3-Dichloropropene (technical grade)
Dichlorvos
Diepoxybutane
Diesel fuel (marine)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
Diglycidyl resorcinol ether
Dihydrosafrole
Diisopropyl sulfate
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
para-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
trans-2-[(Dimethylamino)methylimino]-5-[2-(5-nitro-2-
furyl[vinyl]-1,3,4-oxidiazole
2,6-Dimethylaniline (2,6-Xylidene)
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (ortho-tolidine)
Dimethylformamide
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
1,6-Dinitropyrene
1,8-Dinitropyrene
1,4-Dioxane
Disperse Blue 1
Ethyl acrylate
Ethylene thiourea
Ethyl methanesulphonate
2-(2-Formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole
Fuel oils (residual, heavy)
Fusarium moniliforme (toxins derived from)
Fumonisin B1; Fumonisin B2; Fusarin C
Gasoline
Gasoline engine exhausts
Glasswool
Glu-P-1 (2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3'2'-d]imidazole)
Glu-P-2(-Aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3'2'-d]imidazole)
Glycidaldehyde
Griseofulvin
HC Blue No 1
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocyclohexanes
Technical grades
alpha isomer
gamma isomer (lindane)
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hydrazine
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Iron-dextran complex
Isoprene
Lasiocarpine
Lead and lead compounds (inorganic)
Magenta (containing CI Basic Red 9)
Man-made mineral fibres (see glasswool, rockwool, slagwool, and ceramic
fibres)
MeA-a-C (2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole)
MeIQ (2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinolone)
MeIQx (2-Amino-3,8-dimethylamidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline)
Methylmercury compounds (methylmercuric chloride)
Merphalan
2-Methylaziridine
Methylazoxymethanol and its acetate
5-Methylchrysene
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-methylaniline)
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
Methylmethanesulphonate
2-methyl-1-nitroanthraquinone (uncertain purity)
N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane
Methylthiouracil
Metronidazole
Mirex
Mitomycin
Monocrotaline
5-(Morpholinomethyl)-3-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-2-oxazolidinone
Nafenopin
Niridazole
5-Nitroacenaphthene
6-Nitrochrysene
Nitrofen (technical grade)
2-Nitrofluorene
1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-2-imidazolidinone
N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide
Nitrogen mustard N-oxide
Nitrolotriacetic acid and its salts
2-Nitropropane
1-Nitropyrene
4-Nitropyrene
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
3-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)propionitrile
4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
N-Nitrosomorpholine
N-Nitrosonornicotine
N-Nitrosopiperidene
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
N-Nitrososarcosine
Ochratoxin A
Oil Orange
Panfuran S (containing dihydroxymethylfuratzine)
Phenazopyridine hydrochloride
Phenobarbital
Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
Phenyl glycidyl ether
Phenytoin
PhIP (2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine
Pickled vegetables, traditional Asian
Polybrominated biphenyls
Ponceau MX
Ponceau 3R
Potassium bromate
1,3-Propane sultone
Propylene oxide (downgraded from 2A)
Progestins
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Propiolactone
Propylthiouracil
Rockwool
Saccharin
Safrole
Slagwool
Sodium ortho-phenylphenate
Sterigmatocystin
Streptozotocin
Styrene
Sulfallate
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD)
Tetrachloroethylene
Textile manufacturing (occupational exposures)
Thiocetamide
4,4-Thiodianiline
Thiourea
Toluene diisocyanates
ortho-Toluidine
Toxaphene (polychlorinated camphenes)
Trichlormethine (trimustine hydrochloride)
Trp-P-1 (3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5-H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole)
Trp-P-2 (3-Amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole)
Trypan blue
Uracil mustard
Urethane
4-Vinylcyclohexene
4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide
Welding fumes
Wood industries
Carpentry and joinery
References
International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organisation,
Monographs volumes 1-60, 1972-1994 and Supplement 7 1987.
US Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program,
Sixth Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1991.
"The Cure For All Diseases" by Hulda Clark, for more details about
sources of those of those toxins.
"Reversing Alzheimer", by Tom Warren.
"Natural Organic Hair and Skin Care"
- Includes an A to Z Guide to Natural & Synthetic Chemicals in Cosmetics,
published by Organica Press, ISBN 0-939157-00-4.
http://www.aubrey-organics.com/
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